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Blackjack formerly Black Jack and Vingt-Un is a casino banking game. It uses decks of 52 cards and descends from a global family 21 blackjack casino banking games known as Twenty-One. This family of card games also includes the European games Vingt-et-Un and Pontoonand the Russian game Ochko [ ru ]. The game is a comparing card game where each player competes against the dealer. The first written reference is found in a book by the Spanish author Miguel de Cervantes. Cervantes was a gamblerand the protagonists of his 21 blackjack Rinconete y Cortadillo ", from Novelas Ejemplaresare 21 blackjack cheats in Seville. They are proficient at cheating at veintiuna Spanish for "twenty-one" and state that the object of the game is to reach 21 blackjack points without going over and that the ace values 1 or The game is played with the Spanish baraja deck.

Later references to this game are found in 21 blackjack and Spain. The first record of the game in France occurs in [4] and in Britain during the s and играть бесплатную игровые автоматы демо слоты, but the first rules appeared 21 blackjack Britain in under the name of Vingt-Un. The first American rules were an reprint of the English rules. This hand was called a "blackjack", and the name stuck even after the ten-to-one bonus was withdrawn. French card historian Thierry Depaulis debunks this story, showing that prospectors 21 blackjack the Klondike Gold Rush —99 gave the name blackjack to the game of American Vingt-Un, the bonus being the usual ace and any point card.

He could not find any historical evidence for a special bonus for having the combination of an ace with a black jack. This paper became the foundation of future efforts to beat blackjack. At a blackjack table, the dealer faces five to nine playing positions from behind a semicircular table. Between one and eight standard card decks are shuffled together. To start each round, players place bets in the "betting box" at each position. In jurisdictions allowing back betting, 21 blackjack to three players can be at each position. The player whose 21 blackjack is at the front of the betting box controls the position, and the dealer consults the controlling player for playing decisions; the other bettors "play behind".

A player can usually control 21 blackjack bet in as many boxes as desired at a single table, but an individual cannot play on more than one table at a time or place multiple bets within a single box. In many U. The dealer deals from their left 21 blackjack base" 21 blackjack their far right "third base". Each box gets an initial hand of two cards visible to the people playing on it. Hole card games are sometimes played on tables with a small mirror or electronic sensor used to peek securely at the hole card.

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On their turn, players choose to "hit" take a card"stand" end their turn and stop without taking a cardcat casino бездепозитный бонус cat casino12 double their wager, take a single card, and finish21 blackjack if the two cards have the same value, separate them to make two handsor "surrender" give up a half-bet and retire from the game. If the total exceeds 21 points, it busts, and all bets on it immediately lose. The dealer never doubles, splits, or surrenders. If the dealer busts, all remaining player hands win. A player total of 21 on the first two cards is a "natural" or "blackjack", and the player wins immediately unless the dealer also has one, in which case the hand ties.

In the case of a 21 blackjack "push" or "standoff"bets are returned without adjustment. A blackjack beats any hand that is not a blackjack, even one with a value of Wins are paid out at even money, except for player blackjacks, which are traditionally paid out at 3 to 2 odds. Many 21 blackjack today pay blackjacks at less than This 21 blackjack common in single-deck blackjack games. After the initial two cards, the player has up to five options: "hit", "stand", 21 blackjack down", "split", or "surrender". Each option has a corresponding hand signal. Hand 21 blackjack help the " eye in the 21 blackjack " make a video recording of the table, which resolves disputes and identifies dealer mistakes.

It is also used to protect the casino against dealers who steal chips or players who cheat. Recordings can also identify advantage players. A hand can "hit" as often as desired until the total is 21 or more. Players must stand on a total of After a bust or a stand, play proceeds to the next hand clockwise around the table. If the dealer shows an ace, an "insurance" bet is allowed. Insurance is a 21 blackjack bet that the dealer has a blackjack. The dealer asks for insurance bets before the first player plays. 21 blackjack the dealer has a blackjack, insurance pays 2 to 1. In most casinos, the dealer looks at the down card and pays off or takes the insurance bet immediately. In other casinos, the payoff 21 blackjack until the end of the play.

In face-down games, if a player has more than one hand, they can look at all their hands before deciding.

This is the only condition where a player can look at multiple hands. Insurance bets lose money in the long run. The dealer has a blackjack less than one-third of the time. In some games, 21 blackjack can also take insurance when a valued card shows, but the dealer has an ace in the hole less than one-tenth of the time. The insurance bet 21 blackjack susceptible to advantage play. It is advantageous to make an insurance bet whenever the hole card has more than a one in three chance of being a ten. Card 21 blackjack techniques can identify such situations. Note: where changes in the house edge due to changes in the rules are stated in 21 blackjack terms, the difference is usually stated here in percentage pointsnot a percentage.

The house edge for games 21 blackjack blackjack pays 6 to 5 instead of 3 to 2 increases by about 1. Player deviations from basic strategy 21 blackjack increase the house edge. Each game has a rule about whether the dealer must hit or stand on soft 17, which is generally printed on the table surface. The variation where the dealer must hit soft 17 is abbreviated "H17" in blackjack literature, with "S17" used for the stand-on-soft variation. Substituting an "H17" 21 blackjack with an "S17" rule in a game benefits the player, decreasing the house edge by about 0. All things being equal, using fewer decks decreases the house edge.

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This mainly reflects an increased likelihood of player blackjack, since if the player 21 blackjack a ten on their first card, the subsequent probability of drawing an ace is higher 21 blackjack fewer decks. 21 blackjack also reflects the decreased likelihood of a blackjack—blackjack push in a game with fewer 21 blackjack. Casinos generally compensate by tightening other rules in games with fewer decks, to preserve the house edge or discourage play altogether. When offering single-deck blackjack games, casinos are more likely to disallow doubling on soft hands or after splitting, restrict resplitting, require higher minimum bets, and to pay the player less than for a winning blackjack. The following table illustrates the mathematical effect on the house edge of the number of decks, by considering games with various deck counts under the following ruleset: double after split allowed, resplit to four hands allowed, no hitting split aces, no surrendering, double on any two cards, original bets only lost on 21 blackjack blackjack, dealer hits soft 17, and cut-card used.

The increase in house edge per unit increase 21 blackjack the number of decks is most dramatic when comparing the single-deck gaminator slot to the two-deck game, and becomes progressively smaller as more decks are added. This rule protocol is consequently known 21 blackjack "late" surrender. The alternative, "early" surrender, gives the player the option to surrender before the dealer checks for blackjack, or in a no hole card game. Early surrender is much more favorable to the player than late surrender. For late surrender, however, while it is tempting to opt for surrender on any hand which will probably lose, the correct strategy is to only surrender on the very worst hands, because having even a one-in-four chance of winning the full bet is better than losing half the bet and pushing the other half, as entailed by surrendering.

If the cards of a post-split hand have the same value, most games allow the player to split again, or "resplit". The player places a further wager, and the dealer separates the new pair dealing a further card to each as 21 blackjack. Some games allow unlimited resplitting, while others may limit it to a certain number of hands, such as four hands for example, "resplit to 4". After splitting aces, the common rule is that only 21 blackjack card 21 blackjack be dealt to each ace; the player cannot split, double, or take another hit on either hand. Rule variants include allowing resplitting aces or allowing the player to hit split aces. Games allowing aces 21 blackjack be resplit are not uncommon, but those allowing the player to hit split aces are extremely rare.

Allowing the player to hit hands resulting from split aces reduces the house edge by about 0.

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Note that a ten-value card dealt on a split ace or vice versa will not be counted as a blackjack but as a soft After a split, most games allow doubling down on the new two-card hands. Disallowing doubling after a 21 blackjack increases the house edge by about 0. Under the " Reno rule", doubling down плей фортуна игровые only permitted on hard totals of 9, 10, or 11 under a similar European rule, only 10 or The basic strategy would otherwise call for some doubling down with hard 9 and soft 13—18, and advanced players 21 blackjack identify situations where doubling on soft 19—20 and hard 8, 7, and even 6 is advantageous. The Reno rule increases the 21 blackjack edge by around 1 in 1, and its European version by 21 blackjack 1 in In 21 blackjack non-U.

With no hole card, it is rarely the correct basic strategy to double or split against a dealer ten or ace, since a dealer blackjack will result in the loss of the split and double bets; the only exception is with a pair of aces against a dealer 10, where it is still correct to split. In all other cases, a stand, hit, or surrender is called for. The no-hole-card rule adds approximately 0. In many casinos, a blackjack 21 blackjack only or even instead of the usual This is most common at tables with lower table minimums. Although this payoff was originally limited to single-deck games, it has spread to double-deck and shoe games. Among common rule variations in the U. Since blackjack occurs in approximately 4.

Video blackjack machines generally pay a payout for a blackjack. The rule that 21 blackjack on tied hands 21 blackjack lost rather than pushed is catastrophic to the player. Though rarely used in standard blackjack, it is sometimes seen in "blackjack-like" games, such as in some charity casinos.